She went on to develop central diabetes insipidus and was treated in a conservative way. The clinical hallmark of di is the excretion of a large volume of hypotonic, insipid tasteless urine, usually manifested by polyuria increased urination and. Diabetes insipidus, zentraler, hereditarer orphanet. Recommendations on screening for type 2 diabetes in adults. In the type i diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Diabetes insipidus is caused by abnormality in the functioning or levels of antidiuretic hormone adh, also known of as vasopressin.
In central diabetes insipidus, the history of polyuria and polydipsia is usually abrupt, presenting within weeks or months of onset. To present the case of a 39yearold male admitted to the hospital with diabetes insipidus as a sequela of a previously undiagnosed diffuse large bcell lymphoma. Diabetes mellitus is a nontransmissible chronic disease, very frequent in the city of matanzas, which is present in any age group, and is classified as type i and type ii. In the type ii diabetes, the most common one, the body does not produce or does not use it. Diabetes insipidus, also called di, is a rare condition that leads to frequent urination passing a lot of clear urine and excessive thirst. Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon disorder characterized by intense thirst, despite the drinking of fluids polydipsia, and the excretion of large amounts of urine polyuria. Caso clinico diabetes insipida completo by manuel blanco issuu. In most people, the kidneys pass about 1 to 2 quarts of urine a day. Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be caused by electrolyte imbalances e. Caso clinico diabetes insipida completo by manuel blanco. Nov 25, 2012 druginduced diabetes insipidus is always of the nephrogenic type, i. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by mutations of the vasopressin v 2 receptor or the vasopressininduced water channel aquaporin2 or by impairments in the signal transduction system linking the v 2 receptor and aquaporin2. Poliuria, diabetes insipida, hormona antidiuretica, algoritmo diagnostico. Central diabetes insipidus cdi, characterized by polyuria and polydipsia, is caused by deficiency of arginine vasopressin avp, an antidiuretic hormone which acts on v2 receptors in kidney to promote reabsorption of free water.
Central diabetes insipidus endocrine and metabolic. Diabetes insipida nefrogenica genetic and rare diseases. Disorder characterised by polydipsia, polyuria, and formation of inappropriately hypotonic dilute urine. In people with diabetes insipidus, the kidneys can pass 3 to 20 quarts of. A systematic search of literature for di was carried out using. It is manufactured in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland, adh helps to. Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs when a persons kidneys pass an abnormally large volume of urine that is insipiddilute and odorless. Diabetes insipidus di is a hereditary or acquired condition which disrupts normal life of persons with the condition.
This condition is easily diagnosed by measuring urinary concentrating capacity during a thirst test e. Central diabetes insipidus in children and young adults nejm. Central di results from a deficiency of the hormone arginine vasopressin avp in the. Adh is made in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. As far as the major content of this book is concerned, it mainly focuses on diabetes insipidus and shows how far the study has gone in the pursuit of its cure. Diabetes insipidus was first differentiated from diabetes mellitus by thomas willis, in 1674.
We report a case of 50yearold female presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage sah after rupture of an extradural vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm. Druginduced diabetes insipidus is always of the nephrogenic type, i. Di is not related to diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which is when your levels of blood sugar. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone siadh. Diabetes insipidus di is a disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of hypotonic urine. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by partial or complete renal resistance to the effects of avp. Central diabetes insipidus is a heterogeneous condition characterized by polyuria and polydipsia due to a deficiency of arginine vasopressin. The term diabetes is derived from the greek word for syphon, and insipidus differentiates this disease. Diabetes insipidus is the disease produced by the absolute or relative lack of secretion or action of the antidiuretic hormone, with the consequent polyuria by elimination of a large volume of diluted urine. Diabetes insipidus di is defined as an uncontrolled solutefree water diuresis which is also called aquaresis due to an inability to maximally concentrate the urine. The disorder is caused by a lack of antidiuretic hormone vasopressin or a blocking of its action. This hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, regulates the kidneys conservation of water and production of urine through its ability to stimulate reabsorption of. The amount of urine you make is controlled by antidiuretic hormone adh. Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be caused by.
Diabetes insipidus can be divided into four different types that are caused by any one of four fundamentally different defects fig. The condition may be caused by problems with your pituitary gland andor your kidneys. Carlos ivan marquez medrano r1 endocrinologia hgm 2. Diabetes insipidus the journal of clinical endocrinology. In many patients, especially children and young adults. Diabetes insipidus following a spontaneous bilateral vertebral artery dissection is uncommon. Verbalis, in goldmans cecil medicine twenty fourth edition, 2012. Diabetes insipidus symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Partial forms of diabetes insipidus di can be combined sometimes with alterations.
Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of vasopressin antidiuretic hormone adh due to a hypothalamicpituitary disorder central diabetes insipidus or from resistance of the kidneys to vasopressin nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Sep 23, 2016 central diabetes insipidus cdi, characterized by polyuria and polydipsia, is caused by deficiency of arginine vasopressin avp, an antidiuretic hormone which acts on v2 receptors in kidney to promote reabsorption of free water. Diabetes insipidus an overview sciencedirect topics. Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a disorder associated with mutations in either the avpr2 or aqp2 gene, causing the inability of patients to concentrate their urine. Diabetes insipidus is mainly characterized by polyuria, urinary volume over 3 lday or 40mlkgday in adults, leading to subsequent polydipsia. Diabetes insipidus pharmakritik infomed online infomedscreen. Diabetes insipidus, pathological endocrine condition characterized by excessive thirst and excessive production of very dilute urine. Since diabetes is a persisting disease, this condition also persists for a longer time period but due to the. Diabetes insipida nefrogenica boletin medico del hospital. Diagnosis is by water deprivation test showing failure to maximally concentrate urine.
Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus an overview sciencedirect. For additional information, see the american diabetes association ada position statement diagnosis and classi. Polidipsia primaria y diabetes insipida parcial central. The 2 most common types of diabetes insipidus are central and nephrogenic. Diabetes insipidus di is a disease that causes frequent urination.
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